Black cohosh, a North American flowering plant, has been used for centuries as a safe treatment, especially by Native American tribes. It has been used traditionally to treat a myriad of symptoms from arthritis to poisonous snakebites, but now attracts attention mostly with regards to women’s health. Since the recent trend towards natural options, black cohosh has been known as something that might ease menopausal symptoms and assist in balancing hormones.
In this detailed article, we will focus on existing scientific data on black cohosh and its health benefits, outlining the proper dosage, as well as its safety considerations. Continue reading to know more.
Health Benefits of Black Cohosh
1. Alleviation of Menopausal Symptoms
The most common purpose for which black cohosh has become widely known is in the treatment of women experiencing menopause symptoms. Some of the symptoms during transition to menopause include:
- hot flashes,
- night sweats,
- moody episodes,
- vaginal dryness.
There have been numerous studies that have taken a look at black cohosh to manage these symptoms, particularly hot flashes.
One study was conducted to review and compare the effects of black cohosh and primrose oil and their effects on hot flashes. After 8 weeks, both have shown beneficial effects. However, black cohosh was more effective than evening primrose oil in reducing hot flashes and enhancing the overall quality of life among the participants.1
More clinical trials have been carried out which substantiated the benefits of black cohosh among menopausal women. In one particular study, it was shown that the menopausal symptoms of the participants were improved better than that in the placebo group after 8 weeks of treatment of black cohosh. While black cohosh does not have estrogen on it, it is believed that the effects come from targeting the serotonin receptors, as serotonin also helps in regulating body temperature.2
Another study looked at the effect that black cohosh has on the size of uterine fibroids in postmenopausal women. Taking 40 milligrams of black cohosh for 3 months reduced the size of uterine fibroids more than 30%, when taken on average from 244 participants.3
2. Positive Effect on Mood
Black cohosh is seeming to get more attention for its antidepressant properties. According to some research, it can improve mood in menopausal women, which could in turn relieve some of the symptoms of anxiety, irritability, and mild depression.
After a few weeks of taking black cohosh, participants reported lower levels of anxiety and an increased sense of well-being. The mood-elevating effects of black cohosh are thought to be related to its effect on serotonin pathways, a neurotransmitter that is associated with emotional wellbeing.
More research is definitely needed, but some of the research indicates that black cohosh may be a natural alternative to the HRT for mood stabilization during menopause, without the risks associated with HRT.4
3. Potential to Improve Bone Health
Black cohosh too, though has not been studied in great depth for this effect, may have positive effects on bone health. Osteoporosis is a significant concern to postmenopausal women since diminished estrogen levels are associated with reduced mineralization of bones.
There is recent evidence that black cohosh may inhibit bone loss through modulation of bone resorption, which in turn may reduce the risk of osteoporosis. This effect may be due to binding to the estrogen receptor given the importance of estrogen in bone density.5
Black Cohosh - Recommended Dosage
The recommended dosage for black cohosh varies depending on the supplement's brand and form. Standardized doses of black cohosh extract or powder vary from 8 to 160 mg per day.6
The majority of studies have focused on short-term use, with numerous reports suggesting that black cohosh is safe for use for up to six months. But before using it for longer than six months, it's best to speak with a healthcare professional because there isn't any long-term safety data available.
When choosing a black cohosh supplement, it's important to select those products that have been tested by independent organizations or third-party testing companies. Because supplements are regulated post-marketing, the quality can vary. Following the manufacturer's instructions and taking guidance from a healthcare professional ensures safer use.
Black Cohosh - Side Effects
Common Side Effects
Black cohosh is generally regarded as safe for short-term use, but some experience minor side effects, including:
- gastrointestinal upset,
- headaches,
- dizziness.
Most often, these side effects fade as the body adapts to the chemical. If these symptoms continue or worsen, it is best to stop taking the herb and consult a medical professional.6
Liver Concerns
Although it is rare, there have been some cases in which black cohosh is linked with liver concerns. It is especially important to be cautious if one has existing conditions related to liver problems or is taking medications that affect liver function. The best course of action is always careful monitoring of liver health and medical consultation on suspected risks.7
Drug Interactions
Black cohosh generally doesn't affect most medications, but one particular study in 2017 mentions that it may cause interaction with statins. If you are using statins or any prescription medication, it would be best to consult your physician if you will experience any complications or possibly an interaction.8
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Generally, black cohosh is contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation. Although it once served to induce labor, its safety is not well established, and no current research is well enough grounded to establish safety in this stage. Pregnant or nursing individuals should consult a healthcare professional before considering black cohosh supplements.9
Final Words
Black cohosh has gained popularity as a natural method for managing menopausal symptoms. This herb has been utilized for centuries and is currently supported by an increasing body of scientific evidence, indicating its potential to alleviate hot flashes, enhance mood, and even promote bone health, particularly in postmenopausal women. For individuals considering natural alternatives, black cohosh may prove beneficial.
By sticking to the right dosage and having guidance by health professionals, one can explore all the benefits of black cohosh has to offer. This supplement can prove to be quite helpful for people who look for natural ways to enhance their health and feel well, since it may make menopause easier to handle.
References- Mehrpooya, M., Rabiee, S., Larki-Harchegani, A., Fallahian, A. M., Moradi, A., Ataei, S., & Javad, M. T. (2018). A comparative study on the effect of "black cohosh" and "evening primrose oil" on menopausal hot flashes. Journal of education and health promotion, 7, 36. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_81_17.
- Shahnazi, M., Nahaee, J., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., & Bayatipayan, S. (2013). Effect of black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of caring sciences, 2(2), 105–113. https://doi.org/10.5681/jcs.2013.013.
- Xi S, Liske E, Wang S, Liu J, Zhang Z, Geng L, Hu L, Jiao C, Zheng S, Zepelin HH, Bai W. (2014). Effect of Isopropanolic Cimicifuga racemosa Extract on Uterine Fibroids in Comparison with Tibolone among Patients of a Recent Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel-Controlled Study in Chinese Women with Menopausal Symptoms. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014:717686. doi: 10.1155/2014/717686.
- Geller, S. E., & Studee, L. (2007). Botanical and dietary supplements for mood and anxiety in menopausal women. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 14(3 Pt 1), 541–549. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gme.0000236934.43701.c5.
- Wuttke, W., Gorkow, C., & Seidlová-Wuttke, D. (2006). Effects of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) on bone turnover, vaginal mucosa, and various blood parameters in postmenopausal women. Menopause the Journal of the North American Menopause Society, 13(2), 185–196. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gme.0000174470.44822.57.
- Office of Dietary Supplements - Black Cohosh. (n.d.). https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/BlackCohosh-HealthProfessional/.
- Mahady, G. B., Low Dog, T., Barrett, M. L., Chavez, M. L., Gardiner, P., Ko, R., Marles, R. J., Pellicore, L. S., Giancaspro, G. I., & Sarma, D. N. (2008). United States Pharmacopeia review of the black cohosh case reports of hepatotoxicity. Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 15(4 Pt 1), 628–638. https://doi.org/10.1097/gme.0b013e31816054bf.
- Asher, G. N., Corbett, A. H., & Hawke, R. L. (2017, July 15). Common Herbal Dietary Supplement–Drug Interactions. AAFP. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2017/0715/p101.html.
- Budny, John. (2013). Book Review: American Herbal Products Associations Botanical Safety Handbook. International Journal of Toxicology. 32. 466-468. 10.1177/1091581813511940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581813511940.
